This report analyses the influence of the design features of China’s pilot emissions trading systems (ETS) in the Province of Hubei and the Municipal City of Shenzhen and the development of the electricity markets on the quality of the carbon price signal. Based on publicly available data and...

This paper critically questions the legal and economic foundation of price regulation under the European Union (EU) and Chinese Emissions Trading Schemes (ETS). In 2018, the EU adopted a structural reform of the ETS with the objective of increasing and stabilising carbon prices. This reform...

The goal of this article is to examine the underlying considerations of designing and establishing the regulatory framework of an emissions trading program in China after the National Development and Reform Commission initiated the emissions trading pilots in seven provinces and cities in 2011....

The European banking industry joined forces to achieve a fully integrated market for retail payment services in the euro area: the Single Euro Payments Area (SEPA). Against this background, the present paper examines the fundamental relationship between retail payment business and overall bank...