Longevity expectations (LE) are subjective assessments of future health status that can influence a number of individual health protective decisions. This is especially true during a pandemic such as COVID-19, as the risk of ill health depends more than ever on such protective decisions. This...

The COVID-19 pandemic and war in Ukraine have highlighted the dependence of the European Union (EU) on individual trading partners. One of the tasks of the European Commission’s new Directorate-General, the Health Emergency Preparedness and Response Authority (HERA), established in 2021, will...

This paper examines the effects of globalisation on the pace of governments implementing international travel restrictions during the recent coronavirus pandemic. We find that more globalised countries experienced a longer delay in implementing international travel restriction policies with...

Health economics is an evolving field. This article considers operationalising the complexities of interventions, evaluation processes and outcomes as well as why, despite various limitations in appraising effectiveness and cost-effectiveness in health economics, continuous improvement in the...