This paper investigates the effects of real exchange rates and income on inbound tourism demand (tourist arrivals) from … independent variable in tourism demand analysis models. Panel co-integration analysis under the cross-sectional dependence (CD …

Western Europe, the relationship tends to turn from positive to negative at relatively high levels of tourism. The … instrumental variable analysis suggests that incoming tourism has a positive causal effect on attitudes towards immigration in both … Western and Eastern Europe. Overall, our study reveals an overlooked dimension of the tourism-migration nexus and highlights …