The 1985 Product Liability Directive (PLD) is currently being revised, with a view to adapting European Union product liability rules to the digital economy and new technologies. The ongoing discussion focuses on technical issues and apparently takes it for granted that the PLD as it stands...

Despite the adoption of the European Damages Directive and its transposition to national legal systems, a number of obstacles to antitrust damages actions in the EU still persist. Such obstacles stem from both substantial and procedural aspects. Information and data available to plaintiffs and...

Our society can benefit immensely from algorithmic decision-making and similar types of artificial intelligence. But algorithmic decision-making can also have discriminatory effects. This paper examines that problem, using online price differentiation as an example of algorithmic...

In January 1998 the European Commission imposed a large fine on the Volkswagen Group for prohibiting its Italian dealers to sell to foreigners who had been attracted by substantial cross-country price differentials. This note examines whether VW and Audi price-discriminate more than other...

The aim of the research is to assess the degree of the pricing-to-market (PTM) strategy used in selected European countries, focusing on selected groups of consumer goods. The study uses a literature review in the field of macroeconomics and international finance, as well as statistical and...

Though 'services' is a very broad concept and any generalisations should be made with caution, it is widely acknowledged that services differ from goods in many respects. Analyses of key elements of market structure, conduct and performance and the interface between these elements show us that...

Policymakers and scholars have in distributional conversations traditionally ignored consumer laws, defined as the set of consumer protection, antitrust, and entry barrier laws that govern consumer transactions. Consumer law is overlooked partly because tax law is cast as the most efficient way...

This contains the Table of Contents and Introduction for a book retracing the origins of Geographical Indications (GI) protection and the process by which they have emerged as a distinct category of subject matter within international Intellectual Property (IP) law. It sets out to locate GIs...

This paper explains the unique features and functions of the Trust in English law in the light of the structure and style of English Property law, in contrast with Continental European legal systems, where the absence of the Trust is linked with the special principles and dogmatic structures of...

This Note for the Yearbook of Consumer Law first updates on proposals to reform Australia's consumer product safety regulation regime. Discussions have largely stalled, despite legitimacy and efficiency concerns evident from a related review of its main standard-setting body. By contrast,...