The approved tax code amendments will cap a discount on Urals oil price to North Sea Dated for the calculation of oil taxes. By our estimates, amendments may bring an additional of around Rb640bn into the budget in 2023. However, the mechanism incorporated in the amendments entails the risk of a...

The war in Ukraine has brought the challenges stemming from Europe's dependency on natural gas and oil imports into sharp focus. This has also highlighted another dependency - that on raw materials that are critical for the EU's transition to a low-carbon economy. A strategic approach to raw...