and environmental concerns. An in depth-appraisal of the provisions for agriculture shows potential benefits and costs for …

restrictions, import duties or regulatory barriers. For these reasons, agriculture and food-related issues have always played an … and the US. However, important political responsiveness, regulatory regimes heterogeneity in particular agri-food safety …

While broad economic sanctions have long been used as instruments of foreign policy, targeted sanctions focusing on … under sanctions where the target government may be incentivized to “shield” some firms from the full brunt of sanctions …. Then, using detailed firm and individual-level data, this paper empirically estimates the impact of targeted sanctions …

The conflict between Russia and Ukraine that started in March 2014 resulted in bilateral economic sanctions imposed by … Russia and Western countries, including the members of the euro area (EA). The paper investigates the impact of sanctions on … the real side of the economy of Russia and the EA. Using an index that measures intensity of sanctions the effects of …

the economies of Russia and the euro area. The effects of sanctions are analyzed with a structural vector autoregression …The conflict between Russia and Ukraine that started in March 2014 led Western countries and Russia to impose economic … sanctions on each other, including the euro zone members. The paper investigates the impact of the sanctions on the real side of …

costs as sanctions disrupt trade. Yet, case studies uncover heterogeneity in countries' responses, with some cases …We investigate the effect of economic sanctions on trade flows in countries sharing a border with sanctioned states …. According to trade models, sanctions are expected to reduce trade flows as they disrupt established trading routes and economic …

benefit sharing (ABS) and protection of traditional knowledge in agriculture. The place of the UPOV is of utmost significance … in Kenya's Agriculture sector because Kenya is a signatory of the 1978 UPOV Act whereas there is in place the 1991 UPOV … Act (the basis of EPA negotiations on Agriculture) which has broader objectives and features, with respect to plant …

international sanctions against Russia by the U.S. and its allies, beginning in 1979 when the U.S. stopped wheat exports to the ….The paper examines economic and political sanctions against Russia and attempts to determine their effect on political and …The paper defines “international sanctions” as politically and economically coercive decisions imposed by two or more …