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This article develops an empirical measure of electoral availability, i.e., the micro perspective of political competition. As existing research conceptualizes political competition mainly as a macro- or party-level phenomenon, the micro perspective remains underdeveloped and, therefore, an...
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regional districts for elections to the European Parliament. Analysis of the 2001, 2004 and 2008 Senate elections suggests that … reforms. Examining the 2004 and 2009 European Parliament elections, we find that the change to eight regional districts had an … adverse effect on the election of female MEPs, primarily because fewer women headed the regional party lists. Party …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10013129306
Parliament (EP) elections in a country where voting is not obligatory. By analysing the Maltese EP elections from 2004 to 2019 …, the paper seeks to understand why the Maltese engage with a second order election to the degree that they do. Design …/methodology/approach The paper is a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods, first assessing the context of the 2019 elections, the …
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The Qualified Majority Voting (QMV) used by the Council of the European Union developed to a high degree of complexity from one modifying treaty to another, until the latest definition stipulated in the Treaty of Lisbon. This paper analyses this EU intra-institutional voting method using a...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10014310935