This paper uses a unique dataset where credit rejections experienced by euro area firms are matched with firm and bank characteristics. This allows us to study simultaneously the role that bank and firm weakness had in the credit reduction observed in the euro area during the sovereign debt...

This paper first presents the development of the crowdinvesting market in Europe since its start in 2007. Then, using hand-collected data on the complete set of crowdinvesting campaigns run in Germany, the paper shows that successful campaigns tend to be launched by new startups and when the...

1. The microcredit sector in the United Kingdom : the role of CDFIs / Niamh Goggin, Karl Dayson and Sarah McGeehan -- 2. Microcredit in France : financial support for social inclusion / Stefanie Lämmermann -- 3. The microcredit sector in Italy : small initiatives in a dynamic scenario / Simone...