Abstract Background A significant share of business innovation arises from information and communication (ICT) sector. Business investment into research and development (R&D) activities can be seen as an important basis for innovation, which can further lead to better economic performance. This...

This paper compares the post-investment value-added activities performed by governmental venture capital (GVC) and independent venture capital (IVC) for their portfolio companies, and controls for the selection effect that the different investment profiles of these investors might have on the...

Using all completed spin-offs in twelve European countries between 1989 and 2005 we show that spin-off decisions are often triggered by firm's governance earth-quakes, such as an appointment of a new CEO or a takeover threat. Abnormal long-run stock returns and operating performance are observed...