The WTO has not been able to recover since the collapse of the Doha Round in July 2008. Several ministerial conferences including the Buenos Aires meeting in December 2017 failed to reach agreement. The US Trump Administration launched a campaign to reform the WTO in 2018 and 2019. This book...

Peer pressure is a well-known phenomenon, believed responsible for everything from teenage experimentation and angst to the cliff-diving habits of lemmings. But peer pressure is less commonly thought of as a motivation for a state to act - or fail to act - in the international trade arena. The...

This article analyzes the extent to which the Appellate Body and WTO panels compare the authentic texts in their examination of the WTO Agreements and the extent to which the parties themselves do so in their arguments. The texts of the WTO Agreements are authentic in English, French and...

The relationship between human rights law and international trade law has been a point of discussion for many years. An explicit reference to human rights is nowhere to be found in the WTO Agreement, but the ruling of the Appellate Body in the EC-Tariff Preferences case has made an important...

The analysis of the interaction between the European Union legal order and World Trade Organisation (‘WTO’) law would not be complete without a critical assessment of how the European judges and the special groups and the WTO Appellate Body contribute to the articulation between the two...

The concept of ‘necessity’ is used in many legal systems to delimit permissible measures from prohibited measures where such measures negatively affect the regime’s primary values, such as human rights, liberalized trade, and unimpeded use of an investment. International investment...

Chinese export policy is under great attention within the WTO system. In fact, Beijing has introduced duties and quotas for many raw materials, in particular also for the so called rare earth elements, a group of chemical elements which are indispensabile for the industrial production of high...

Since May 2016, the United States of America has been vetoing the selection of the members of the WTO Appellate Body, alleging procedural and substantive criticisms on the activity of the Standing Tribunal. Consequently, at midnight of 10 December 2019 the World Trade Court ceased to be...

Over time, the use of most favoured nation clauses has seen widespread adoption in double tax treaties, especially in those agreed with developing countries. The use of such clauses, however, does not appear to have been supported frequently by tax policies and/or careful ad hoc analysis, e.g....