This paper explores the evolution of export barriers along the firm's internationalization process. Based on a sample of 7,515 European SMEs, we investigate the differences perceived by different groups of firms: companies uninterested in exports, future exporters, pre-exporters, experimental...

This e-book looks at the increasingly important subject area of contemporary international entrepreneurship, with a particular focus on critical perspectives on international SMEs. The papers focus not only on the developed markets of the UK, USA, Ireland, Swden and Australia but also feature...

This paper investigates organisational-level attributes that allow European SMEs to choose equity-based modes of entry to foreign markets, thus becoming micro-multinationals. We hypothesize that international R&D cooperation (hypothesis 1) and using digital marketing (hypothesis 2) by SMEs...

This essay will studies different concepts and definition of small businesses in different countries. It will examine Europe, Russia and its post-soviet neighbors, north America and Japan. Aim of this study is to understand why there are differences between states and what they mean in economy....

We draw on a recent survey of European companies to differentiate between alternative modes of international outsourcing as possible determinants of market, cost and knowledge-related aspects of the competitiveness of firms. We find that internalized modes are often superior to outside options,...

Internationalization increases firms’ vulnerability to cyclical fluctuations in growth. For this reason, it is at best a positive strategy for a few firms; but certainly not for all. It is from this perspective that the present chapter will try to develop a quantitative analysis of the...