result, the confrontation between the West and Russia has greatly escalated, which will have a long-term, large … the trade and financial restrictions can be lifted from Russia, and when. The article also makes recommendations that may …

This report offers a detailed documentation and assessment of the differences in real productive investment between the … the US. The study considers various measures: investment gaps (defined as the difference in investment rates); the growth … investment dynamics to the discussion. The findings indicate the existence of a gap in productive investment in the period since …

Most foreign direct investment into Russia originates in the European Union: European investors own between 55 percent …) plays a predominant role in the Russian economy and dominates exports. It has become a major focus of investment flows … major obstacle to investment in recent years. The EU’s pledge to decarbonise places Russia in a difficult situation because …

China, Russia, Turkey and the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Their engagement has been most evident in the areas of direct … investment, trade and energy security. Investments from these countries can increase the risk of “corrosive capital”, which could … intensifying rivalry between the EU on the one hand and Russia and China on the other, the question therefore arises as to how the …

, Russia is liberalizing its electricity market. Moreover, it has recently established regulatory frameworks to promote … depend on the predictability and credibility of the investment climate. This article identifies potential sources of … uncertainty and regulatory changes that may affect investments in electricity production in Russia. It focuses in particular on …

savings and investment, credit and housing booms in some countries and the allocation of resources towards less productive … to be reduced, which, in turn, is weakening investment and therefore weighing on growth prospects and growth potential …

difficult. This book attempts to provide a deeper understanding of the interaction between investment, knowledge spillovers and … empirical evidence regarding the spatial dimension of investment, entrepreneurship and knowledge spillovers, and features both …-country investment. Innovative methodologies and unique new models are then used to provide lessons and policy implications for economic …