At a time of increased attention on the international agenda for human trafficking, this paper examines the determinants of human trafficking inflows to 13 European countries based on official records. By employing a fixed effects zero-inflated, negative binomial gravity-type model, we address...

This chapter examines anti-cartel enforcement in selected jurisdictions around the world, paying particular attention to the role of private court actions in attaining optimally deterring sanctions. The principal conclusions are as follows. There are numerous indicators that enforcement in North...

The paper analyses the development of trafficking in human beings (THB) as an economic crime and as a severe violation of human rights by focusing on the different actors' involved in counter-trafficking efforts. The paper outlines how the crime evolved in Austria, Germany and the United States...

The lack of a strong law enforcement authority in the EU with competence in criminal matters that monitors how European funds are applied can be considered one of the main reasons behind the disastrous spending of EU member states. This paper contends that EU funds are to be treated as...

In this paper we model cartel duration as a mixed proportional hazard model and condition on cartel characteristics such as the agency first detecting the cartel, industry, if it is a bid rigging or price fixing cartel, the number of countries affected, the affected sales, and measures of the...

The authors of the article bring forward hypothesis that EU law influences the national criminal law of the Member States and this impact both accepting new treaties and analyzing Jurisprudence of the Court of Justice increases. The authors discuss if there is the possibility of direct...

According to well-established case-law of the European Court of Justice, in the European Union, parent companies can be fined for antitrust infringements by their subsidiaries. Furthermore, under a new EU Directive, signed into law on 26 November 2014, parent company liability is likely to be...

Cryptocurrencies, like Bitcoin, raise new legal questions due to their innovative technological concepts. While academic research covers nearly all areas of the technological concepts of those currencies, legal studies focus only on a few topics. The papers which have been published so far...

CO2 MTIC fraud is an exceedingly fast moving, quickly mutating fraud. Litigation has moved rapidly from the UK to Germany. The litigation line stretches from Dosanjh's £39m (€41,039,261) fraud in the first three months of 2009 to CITIBank's £9,893,821 fraud in July 2009, and then jumps to...

This three-part paper considers three MTIC fraud cases in CO2 permits, the Dosanjh, CITIBank, and Deutsche Bank cases. Dosanjh was convicted of stealing £39m from January 20 through May 6, 2009, CITIBank is presently responding to allegations that it improperly claimed £9,893,821 in input...