European unemployment has been steadily increasing for the last 15 years and is …equilibrium unemployment. We then confront the theory to both the detailed facts of …insiders and firms, shocks which affect actual unemployment tend also to affect …

European unemployment has been steadily increasing for the last 15 years and isexpected to remain very high for many … years to come. In this paper, we argue thatthis fact implies that shocks have much more persistent effects on unemployment … and firms, shocks which affect actual unemployment tend also to affectequilibrium unemployment. We then confront the …