We study the extent to which the impact of tail risk spillovers, originating in the financial sector and affecting real-economy firms, depends on the level of cash holdings and the financial conditions of the firm. Empirical evidence on 4,320 firms located in 16 European countries, from 2003 to...

This paper provides a framework to examine the potential balance sheet adjustments of individual financial institutions for complying with the NSFR liquidity requirement. The suggested approach, which is also flexible enough to be applied in assessing the potential balance sheet impact of other...

Both theorists and practitioners continue to show interest in transatlantic burden-sharing. International security and political economy scholarship offers plausible explanations for transatlantic imbalances in military expenditures. However, NATO Allies and EU Member States have pledged to one...

Covered bonds have emerged as a potential funding vehicle from the credit crisis. However, there is no detailed examination of how covered bonds should be priced taking into account the features that make them attractive to investors: i.e. over-collateralization of the reference pool and...

We propose an additional funding tool for the collective effort against the COVID-19 pandemic and its economic fallout by issuing European Corona Solidarity Bonds (ECSBs) which are backed by revenues on a new EU-wide universal tax on financial assets, collected at the source.To combat the...

In this note we consider an economic union consisting of sovereign national states. An asymmetric shock hits the union and as a result it decides to set up a fund in order to compensate the countries in the union. We show how sacrifice theory can be used to determine the compensation payments...

It is due to its strong dependence on the market and natural factors, such as weather conditions and extreme weather events or livestock diseases, agriculture is characterized by high exposure to risks. It is the reason for the important role of mitigation of their impacts in the framework of...

As the COVID-19 crisis unfolded, the European Commission (Commission) started labelling its enforcement of European Union (EU) competition law as exceptional. A Temporary Framework for State Aid was issued for the ‘current exceptional circumstances’ describing multiple types of aid dealing...

The European Union has set up a fund in order to compensate countries for damages resulting from Covid-19 that hit the economies in an asymmetric way. We argue that payments should be based only on relative damages, expressed as losses relative to GDP, and any distribution mechanism implying...

We study the effect of international trade and freeness of trade (openness) on interregional inequality within countries. We estimate a model derived from a structural economic-geography approach in which interregional inequality depends on weighted trade shares and trade costs. In addition to...