The number of digital currencies has increased significantly in recent years. So-called central bank digital currencies … (CBDCs), created by central banks, are at the forefront of this development. Combining the advantages of an electronic means … of payment - namely the speed and efficiency of transactions - with the stability and confidence that central banks enjoy …

This paper seeks to inform about a feature of monetary policy that is largely overlooked, yet occupies a central role … in modern monetary and financial systems, namely central bank collateral frameworks. Their importance can be understood … by the observation that the money at the core of these systems, central bank money, is injected into the economy on terms …

The joint effect of the global economic and sovereign debt crisis forced the European Central Bank (ECB) to apply … conventional and non-standard expansionary monetary policy interventions in order to stabilize eurozone economies. We conducted a … with two main macroeconomic variables and a sentiment indicator, on market equity returns of eurozone countries for the …

There is much discussion today about a possible digital euro (PDE). Is this attention exaggerated? Are "central bank …