This paper provides an analysis of Keynes’s original Bancorʺ proposal as well as more recent proposals for fixed exchange rates. We argue that these schemes fail to pay due attention to the importance of capital movements in today’s economy, and that they implicitly adopt an unsatisfactory...

Modern Monetary Theory (MMT) is part of post-Keynesian economics that summarize the money creation process as "loans create deposits" (banks) and "deposits create reserves" (central bank). MMT is distinguished from other approaches to macroeconomics because it synthesizes several traditions from...

In terms of macroeconomic performance, the Eurozone’s first decade is a story of successful inflation-targeting by the ECB for the common currency area as a whole combined with the persistence of real exchange rate and current account disequilibria at member country level. According to the...