The diffusion of knowledge in the world generates positive externalities if knowledge flows increase the productivity … of R&D. Our work analyzes knowledge diffusion and knowledge externalities in generating innovation and in determining … productivity. We first estimate the determinants of knowledge flows across 141 sub-national regions in 19 countries of Europe and …

The aim of this work is to investigate the drivers of productivity evolution in the European life insurance industry in … develop a generalized Malmquist efficiency decomposition to gauge the relative importance of two sources of productivity … best-in-class insurers. We find that productivity increased on an annual basis by 6.71 per cent; the increase has been …