This paper deals with the effects of the transfer of additional funds on the real economy of recipient countries, in particular the European Member States. The intended and unintended effects of additional funds on national public finances and, ultimately, economic performance are discussed....

Open Strategic Autonomy (OSA) is a political concept that refers to the European Union's ability to act independently in strategically important areas while seeking multilateral cooperation when possible. Initially mentioned in European Council conclusions in December 2013, OSA gained prominence...