from racial and religious discrimination. However, the law has been applied unevenly, which has, subsequently, caused gaps … in many crucial areas. As a result, migrants who are now seeking asylum face discrimination when they should be protected … the current state of the law in Europe to evaluate the degree of protection from racial and religious discrimination …

This paper tests for the existence and consequences of customer-based racial discrimination in Europe’s five largest … used wage models to identify discrimination of e.g., black players or focused on nationality instead of ethnicity or race … of customer-based discrimination in European soccer, moderated by the idiosyncratic circumstances in each of the five …