Leveraging data from the European Investment Survey (EIBIS) spanning 2019-2022, encompassing the pandemic crisis and … the 2022 energy price shocks, our study investigates how uncertainty influence firms' climate action investment decisions …' investment behaviors across various dimensions including country, sector, and firm size. We find that increasing energy prices …

), which was adopted to support recovery from the Covid-19 crisis, represents the first large-scale EU-wide investment … coming decades, which will require additional public investment equivalent to at least 1% of EU economic output per year. Nor … would the reform of EU fiscal rules under consideration enable a sufficient increase in public investment at the national …

seems to be more effective in terms of fixed investment rather than on technological capabilities. Technology gap represents …