Banks are crucial enablers of financial and economic development. They have an immense corporate social responsibility (CSR) towards society. Bank´s CSR activities are considered increasingly vital for their own success and sustainable growth, especially as they operate in a business...

Many European countries have been carried out a modernization projects in public sector financial reporting since the last two decades. Consequence of a stronger demand for complex, reliable and relevant economic information on government is governments´ efforts towards better accountability....

This paper examines how the investor's belief about the project's ability of generating cash flow affects accounting standard setting. It proves analytically that the accounting standard in the Stackelberg equilibrium of the static model increases with the increase in the investor's belief about...

IFRS 9 was introduced by the IASB in 2014 and became mandatory for fiscal years starting in 2018. It bears fundamental changes in the accounting requirements for financial instruments, especially in the areas of recognition, categorisation and measurement, impairment and loan loss provision. As...

Accounting is a media which communicates the business and financial information of each and every organisation so as to cater to the needs of various interested parties. Business involves undertaking a series of activities, which may be financial or nonfinancial, to achieve its prime goal....

This paper explores the impact of institutional factors on earnings management by investigating whether and to what extent the features of the national supervisory system affect banks' income smoothing through loan loss provisions (LLP). To address this issue, we consider the supervisory...

The latest European Union's (EU) guiding policies are encouraging big businesses and state-owned organisations to disclose their environmental, social and governance (ESG) performance. Many European member states have transposed the EU's directive 2014/95/EU on non-financial reporting. This...

In March 2020, Covid-19 was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization. Most European governments reacted with lockdowns. A drop in demand as well as supply disruptions affected the economy which also hit European banks with quite a lot of uncertainty, not only regarding possible...

We investigate the way auditor characteristics (i.e., reputation and industry specialization) interact on the consequences of mandatory IFRS adoption in Europe in terms of accounting conservatism. Indeed, a mandatory adoption setting may control for firm-level reporting incentives when gauging...

Trust in the independence of auditors is essential for the functioning of markets. If auditors are not independent or not believed to be independent, transaction costs will rise. In our view, structural weaknesses currently impair auditor independence. We therefore put forward several reform...