initially assess the implementation of schemes under which coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19)-related state aid was granted in … Poland in 2020 for different instruments and beneficiary sizes. The idea was to find out how well aforementioned schemes …

, Education, and Other Services are among the most affected sectors. The jobs at risk due to COVID-19 related SME business … in the common equity Tier-1 capital ratio. We evaluate the cost and effectiveness of various policy interventions. The … of effectiveness, non-targeted subsidies can be substantially more expensive (1.82% of GDP). Our results have important …

; education; and other services are among the sectors most affected. The SME jobs at risk due to business failures related to … decline in the common equity tier 1 capital ratio. We also evaluate the cost and effectiveness of various policy interventions … product). However, at a similar level of effectiveness, nontargeted subsidies can be substantially more expensive (1 …