This study measures the extent of cross-border geo-blocking and the impact on product availability and pricing for three non-audio-visual digital media products (music, e-books and games) in the EU Digital Single Market. We find that cross-border access to online media stores is generally...

This paper looks at the recent discussion on "Lootboxes" by regulators in several countries referring to the case of Japan in the light of business model revolutions. A game-of-chance mechanic which can be found in more and more in digital games to acquire virtual items and to help monetize...

This paper conceptualizes "Gacha", a lottery mechanism to win virtual items, which was developed in Japan, as game of chance elements in mobile games which is used for monetization in freemium business models. Based on the concept of Gacha, referring to previous studies, this paper also analyzes...