Challenges to macroprudential policy are mainly of a universal nature and encompass, in particular, difficulties in the pre-emptive identification of looming imbalances; interactions with the political cycle; asymmetry in the perception of costs and benefits of using macroprudential instruments;...

This article reviews the impact of Brexit on the European System of Financial Supervision (ESFS) and claims that the withdrawal of the United Kingdom will lead to more centralisation of supervision at EU level and a tightening of the supervision over third countries' markets actors. This...

This paper, after reviewing briefly the early steps of European monetary integration and key elements of the EMU project as reflected in the Treaty of Maastricht, analyses the monetary integration strategy and convergence experience of member states, in particular that of Greece, in the 1990s...

As Romania has become on 1 January 2007 a member state of the European Union, it aims to access the Euro Zone, after it will have fulfilled the economical conditions; thus Romania will be completely integrated in the Economic and Monetary Union. Romania must accomplish more requirements and the...

The EMU accession countries are obliged to fulfill the Maastricht convergence criteria prior to entering the EMU. This paper uses a DSGE model of a two-sector small open economy, to address the following question: how do the Maastricht convergence criteria modify optimal monetary policy in an...

Despite verbal assurarces that Europe was committed to separating Ireland's banking and sovereign debt, Ireland is now very much isolated in its stance to get bank recapitalisation via the ESM retrospectively. The debate over whether Ireland was forced to bail in the senior bondholders is...

This article was invited from the author in response to the June 2022 Bruegel.com blog post by Zsolt Darvas – and see the separate article in this issue – about the decision to let Croatia into the euro area while keeping Bulgaria out; and intended to elicit a view from Bulgaria. The author...

The aim of this paper is to briefly present and assess the institutional framework governing the (and some main legal aspects related to the) European Banking Union (EBU), as in force, and the proposals made or suggested in order to enhance it. The paper is structured in three (3) Sections: (1)...