The European Union (EU) represents a large and highly integrated bloc which contributed 19.4% of global GDP and over 30% of global exports in 2012. As of July 1, 2013 it consists of 28 member states. All of them belong to the customs union and the Single European Market (SEM) in which most...

This paper examines the accession process for states seeking to join the Comprehensive Progressive Trans Pacific Partnership (CPTPP) with a focus on the ongoing application of the United Kingdom. The paper goes on to explore the key challenges to UK negotiators in terms of market access,...

In his State of the Union speech, President Obama announced that the United States will launch talks on a comprehensive Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership with the European Union. This initiative is big news, and potentially a game-changer for trade liberalization. For years now,...

The people of Great Britain said their word to leave the European Union. The Brexit consequences impact on international trade is negative and large. In the meantime, the ambition Great Britain post Brexit aims for new trade agreements while not explicit (clear) about the type and with whom...

When the World Trade Organization (WTO) was established in 1995, it had less than 130 members. Since then membership has expanded to 159 as a result of 31 completed accessions. Of these, only six were least developed countries (LDCs). Another 24 countries are currently at various stages of the...