to European data protection law since adoption of the EU Data Protection Directive 95/46/EC in 1998. The final success of … are realized, then it may work as designed to bring about a more harmonized level of data protection throughout the EU …, and the benefits could be great for data controllers, individuals, and the EU economy. But if they are weakened during the …

This study empirically investigates the transposition patterns of European Union EU directives in 15 Member States and … differences in national execution measures. Specifically, we analyse whether, in the course of transposition, EU directives pass … relevant from a normative political perspective and complements the debate on the EU's; democratic deficit by focusing on the …