Tax administration is often perceived as separate from tax policy, and at best as the implementation of tax policy. The aim of this article is to highlight the necessary mutual dependence that exists between tax policy and administration, designated here as tax policy-administration symbiosis....

The relevance of the concept of fixed establishment (FE) for the EU VAT system can hardly be over-stated. Similarly to the concept of permanent establishment (PE) for income taxes purposes, the term plays a central role in VAT, and is consistently relied upon by the legislator, for both...