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Theory and empirics suggest that by curbing competition, incumbent electricity companies which used to be and here are referred to as Vertically Integrated Utilities (VIUs), can increase their profitability through combined ownership of generation and transmission and/or distribution networks....
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Cost-based pricing has dominated the regulatory regime of network industries - and first of all, the regulation of the … opening and liberalization in these industries; it abolished industry regulation in several segments of the market of network … industries. Now it applies so-called "cost-based pricing" in areas where regulation is still in place. CEE countries now use the …
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The formation and expansion of the European Union (EU) have attracted much attention. However, the impact on the level of corruption in a nation after joining the Union has not been formally studied. Any nation that joins the European Union potentially faces two different and opposite effects on...
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