In light of the emphasis on “inclusion” in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), this paper contends that social exclusion and inclusion are context-dependent concepts in at least three senses. First, the ideal of an inclusive society varies by country and by region. Second, different...

In the paper we run an exhaustive study of the magnitude socio-economic exclusion which affects large parts of societies in European countries. Social and economic exclusion – alternatively called as deprivation – are widely recognized as symptoms of human poverty. This implies obstacles in...

How should relative poverty be defined and measured in a European Union where there are substantial variations in income between countries, as well as within countries? This paper uses objective and subjective deprivation indicators to assess the appropriate balance between national and...