This essay argues that, although the International Exhaustion regime provides the greatest scope for market competition among all the regimes of exhaustion of intellectual property rights, unrestricted parallel trade may prove to be harmful in the long run. The Exhaustion principle may promote...

The 1902 Brussels Convention, which discouraged sugar-production subsidies through countervailing duties, created what was arguably the first modern multilateral trade institution. This treaty not only defined the concept of free trade but also reconfigured the political structure of the British...

The aim of this paper is to test whether patent-based indicators are still reliable measures of innovativeness in light of organizational changes in the field of Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) protection and the regulatory reforms already under way respectively at the U.S. Patent and...