This study provides a detailed analysis of how the Portuguese payment system operates and how regulatory interventions, especially those involving price controls, would likely affect the interest of the various stakeholders in the system including consumers, merchants, banks, schemes, and...

Digital convergence is quickly leading to various telecommunications and media sourcing triple play services of voice, television and internet. This article describes the extent to which bundling strategies have been recently deployed by access providers, and their impact on competition in...

Durch den russischen Angriff auf die Ukraine ist die Frage der Einsatzfähigkeit der Bundeswehr erneut in den Fokus gerückt. Die Landesverteidigung, die mit dem Ende des Kalten Krieges und der Auflösung von Warschauer Pakt und Sowjetunion 1991 nur noch eine geringe Rolle zu spielen schien,...

The Russian attack on Ukraine has brought the question of the German Armed Forces' operational capability back into focus. National defense, which seemed to play only a minor role with the end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Warsaw Pact and the Soviet Union in 1991, now has gained a...

The EU Single Market remains far from completed: progress in goods and services market integration has stalled, financial markets are still fragmented along national lines and the barriers to labour mobility remain high. Restrictive regulation within countries and regulatory heterogeneity across...

Europe’s economy is finally growing robustly. These positive developments provide an opportunity to renew efforts to meet the long-term challenges facing the European Union (EU). The EU’s record on reducing regional income disparities is mixed and this explains some of citizens’ discontent...

Services is an inextricable component of any modern economy. There is strong evidence that the more economies shift towards the production of services, the higher are the positive spillovers to these economies as a whole. Services have contributed greatly to the economic development of many...

We present a model of a market failure based on a requirement provision by digital platforms in the acquisition of personal information from users of other products/services. We establish the economic harm from the market failure and the requirement using traditional antitrust methodology....