A transition to sustainable development and net-zero greenhouse gas emissions is key to achieve the temperature limits established by the Paris Agreement (PA) and the global sustainable development goals (SDGs) agreed in the 2030 Agenda. To explore how carbon market approaches under Article 6 of...

Emission trading Scheme (ETS) is gaining momentum with its increasing market size and constantly improving information transmission mechanisms. With carbon assets becoming prominent as an alternative asset in investment portfolios, the ETS market has engaged a broad range of participants,...

‘Cap and trade' is the nucleus of the so-called flexible mechanisms of climate protection: the maximum use of a resource (here, a particular quantity of greenhouse gas emissions) is determined; from this, individual emission allowances are derived and allocated. Emission allowances can be...

Part I - Financial sector, regulation, supervision and sustainability: Rute Saraiva, ESG factors in pensions funds regulations: Why, how far have they gone, and what is the potential for improvement? -- Luciane Moessa, Benchmarking of national ESG banking regulations: State of art and remaining...