cointegration technique, the study finds evidence of long-run relationship between innovation and per capita economic growth in most … of the cases, typically with reference to the use of a particular innovation indicator. Using Granger causality test, the … study finds the presence of both unidirectional and bidirectional causality between innovation and per capita economic …

-run dynamics among R&D spending, number of patents and per capita income growth in the panel of countries and groups for the period … 1996-2017. Using VAR model for the panel data, the study observes that R&D spending, number of patents and per capita …

root and Westerlund (2007) cointegration tests that account for cross-sectional dependence in the series, and three panel … a panel of 28 European economies during the 1995-2018 period. The hypothesis is verified using Pesaran (2007) panel unit … causality tests (Toda-Yamamoto, Dumitrescu-Hurlin and Juodis-Karavias-Sarafidis) that are suitable for mixed order of series …