pace of land reform, the ruling party is starting to indicate that the state will in future rely on its expropriation …, compensation must be paid. The current act, the 1975 Expropriation Act, determines that such compensation must be market value … the Bill, and argues that not much direction is given on how compensation for expropriation should be calculated …

This Chapter explores the protection against expropriation under the Energy Charter Treaty (ECT) and compares it to …