pace of land reform, the ruling party is starting to indicate that the state will in future rely on its expropriation …, compensation must be paid. The current act, the 1975 Expropriation Act, determines that such compensation must be market value … the Bill, and argues that not much direction is given on how compensation for expropriation should be calculated …

merchant bankers. The bankers initiated a deal that avoided confrontation between the US and France and circumvented Britain …, Geneva Graduate Institute “When Napoleon in 1803 offered to sell France’s territorial claims in North America, the young … book focuses on the ‘forgotten financiers’ of the Purchase – individuals from the US, France and the UK including Alexander …

This Chapter explores the protection against expropriation under the Energy Charter Treaty (ECT) and compares it to …