This paper investigates the nature of the causal relationships among interbank market interest rates and corporate loans interest rates in four countries from the euro area (Austria, Belgium, France and Italy), and in the Czech Republic. The paper also estimates a development of bank credit...

The research examines the influence of the domestic interest rate and spillover effect of the European Central Bank (ECB) interest rates on Türkiye's stock market from January 1999 to January 2019. The research applied the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) co-integration method to analyze...

Recent research shows that efforts to limit climate change should focus on reducing emissions of carbon dioxide over other greenhouse gases or air pollutants. Many countries are paying substantial attention to carbon emissions to improve air quality and public health. The largest source of...