This paper documents the recent performance of European electronic purses. It presents data on 16 such schemes, and compares their penetration and usage rates. These rates are shown to differ substantially. A number of schemes are doing increasingly well and in all probability are here to stay....

In this paper, we analyse 82 national newspaper sites from eight Western European countries (Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxembourg, France, Germany, Italy, Spain and the UK). For these sites, we checked whether the content is offered for free or against payment, we listed the payment instruments...

This paper analyses the websites of 82 national daily newspapers in eight Western European countries, in order to determine their online revenue models. Overall, 80.5 per cent of our newspapers try to monetise (part of) their online content in direct ways. In doing so, the bulk of the paying...