and increasing competition in many sectors, such as telecommunications, utilities, and transport. The timing and extent of …

competition is likely to develop on its own, or whether specific access regulation is necessary or desirable in attaining this end … that specific mandatory access regulation, on top of generic non-discrimination principles found in competition law and … strengthened if necessary in sector-specific regulation, is not needed to facilitate competition and may be counterproductive …

managing markets and the limitations on and problems with self-organisation in regulation. Competition is a spontaneous process … engineering competition, "engineering regulation", with a clear and intentional focus on devising an appropriate framework … competition and a persistent quasi-monopoly, is no easy matter. The process of de-monopolisation can be seen as the result of …