This paper reports the results of a four country project (GARPII) on aspects of green accounting, namely the estimation of damages to air and water. The countries covered are Germany, Italy, Netherlands and the United Kingdom. It follows an earlier project covering the same countries, which was...

Energy security is a topic that is of increasing importance to policy-makers and yet is a relatively under-researched area. Although macroeconomists have noted that there may be external costs associated with energy security measures, there is no definitive methodology for calculating or...