24 European Union (EU) countries for the period from 1980 to 2020. In so doing, we focus on the shares of total populism …, right-wing populism, and left-wing populism votes as well as a new indicator of economic uncertainty, so-called, the "World … (IV) estimations, we show that a higher level of the WUI is positively related to total populism and right-wing populist …

interpersonal and interterritorial inequality. This rising inequality is seen as a root cause of populism. Yet, there is no … interpersonal inequality, and the rise of far-right populism in Europe and in the US. The analysis -conducted at small region level … minorities shunned populism. In Europe, the most significant factor behind the rise of far-right populism is economic decline …