The regained interest in the EU for public procurement as a means to stimulate innovation has prompted a debate regarding to what extent the laws regulating public procurement, in particular the EC Procurement Directives, hinder innovation. The rationale for committing to such a debate is...

The “Lemaire Act” for a Digital Republic, dated October 7, 2016, establishes two new default principles with respect to government data and public court opinions - with the enactment of the Lemaire Act this information will now by default be made public in France. The creation of this...

EU law is a separate legal framework, different from international law, and integrated into the legal systems of the Member States. The Union's legal framework is based on autonomous legal sources. Different nature of these sources requires the introduction of a hierarchy among them. At the top...

European authorities introduced stringent lockdown measures in early 2020 to reduce the transmission of COVID-19. As the first wave of infection curves flattened and the outbreak appeared controlled, most countries started to reopen their economies albeit using diverse strategies. This paper...

Nach der Empfehlung der Europäischen Kommission, Beitrittsverhandlungen mit der Ukraine aufzunehmen, wird der Europäische Rat darüber auf seinem Gipfel im Dezember entscheiden. Dies ist ein historischer Schritt, der, besonders vor dem Hintergrund des andauernden russischen Angriffskriegs,...

Die neue Agrarkrisenreserve der EU, die 2023 eingeführt wurde, soll den Agrarsektor in Krisenunterstützen. Anders als zuvor wird diese Reserve direkt aus dem EU-Haushalt finanziert,damit die Direktzahlungen an die Landwirte nicht gekürzt werden müssen. Diese Änderunghat jedoch einen Anreiz...

Developing countries, in particular the least developed ones, probably have more to learn from social policies in Europe during the early 20th century than from the elaborate welfare-state arrangements after World War II. In addition to macro­economic growth and stability, the main ambitions...

The eastward enlargement of the European Union and the requirements of the European Monetary Union increase pressure for flexibility of labour markets. This paper analyses main changes in the Baltic States? labour market over the period 1990 - 2001 giving emphasis on the problems of labour...

In the nineties, the German economy grew about half a percentage point less than the rest of the European Monetary Union (EMU). The paper deals with differences in fiscal policy as a potential reason for this. At least a part of the “growth gap” between Germany and the rest of the EMU can be...