This paper analyzes several emerging transnational regulatory systems that engage, but are not centered on state legal systems. Driven primarily by civil society organizations, the new regulatory systems use conventional technical standard setting and certification techniques to establish...

The EC antitrust prohibitions are regularly invoked in private litigation as a shield. Private parties also play an important role in public antitrust enforcement through complaints to the competition authorities. However, in marked contrast with the situation in the US, private actions for...

The contributions of Foster (2005) and Halgreen (2004) are the latest in a series of debates, discussions, conferences, and academic scholarship on the subject of United States (US) and (or versus) European Union (EU) sport policy. In the context of international relations and foreign policy,...

This paper looks at whether the standard unilateral effects model can be applied to non-price competition parameters such as innovation. This question arises because competition authorities are intervening in horizontal mergers that are found to give rise to a “significant impediment to...

Since the introduction of a formal commitments procedure in EU antitrust policy (Article 9 of Council Regulation 1/2003), the European Commission has extensively settled cases of alleged anticompetitive practices. In this paper, we use a formal model of law enforcement (Bebchuk, 1984; Shavell, 1988)...

In 2016 and 2017, states continued their engagement with international investment law. A small minority of states displayed scepticism or tried to disengage themselves from their investment law obligations. This chapter addresses select institutional developments in international investment law...

The operationalisation in late 2014 of European Regulation 1024/2013 conferring specific tasks on the European Central Bank concerning policies relating to the prudential supervision of credit institutions and establishing a Single Supervisory Mechanism (SSMR) has profoundly changed the European...

On May 14, 2018, the United States Supreme Court struck down the federal prohibition on sports gambling. The sweeping opinion, authored by Justice Alito, ended more than a quarter-century old policy that kept states from offering sports gambling and therefore, sports betting was confined almost...

Nowadays we are witnessing multinational corporations (“Multinationals”) growing to be more powerful than certain countries. Joel Bakan perceives this “dramatic rise to dominance [as] one of the remarkable events of modern history” (emphasis added). But is this ‘rise' in fact ‘fall'...

In European Union ("EU") competition law, the supply policy of a dominant input provider can be deemed unlawful, if his wholesale and retail price-mix forces rival input purchasers to compete at a loss on the downstream market. This is known as an abusive "margin squeeze". Whilst this stands to...