The Tokyo emissions trading scheme (ETS) is the first regional ETS in Japan where a national ETS has not been introduced. In this study, we estimate the policy impacts of the Tokyo ETS on energy usage and economic activities in the scheme’s first phase (2010-2014) and the first four years of...

The exponential rise in energy-related carbon emissions poses a severe risk to both human and other species on the earth. The existence of a two-way relationship between economic growth and energy-specific carbon emissions needs to be delinked to achieve a low carbon economy. The current study...