The proposed amendments to the EU Shareholders' Rights Directive purport to improve shareholder rights and powers in investee companies. In general, these initiatives provide minority shareholders with confidence in corporate governance and could be useful as a supply-side stimulating measure to...

This article examines the driving forces for European Corporate Governance Regulation (ECGR) and argues that ECGR has moved from a gradual bottom-up approach based on learning from diversity to an approach that blends into harmonised capital markets regulation at EU level. The gradual bottom-up...

The Covid-19 crisis in 2020 severely impacted the corporate and in turn, the financial sectors of the UK, entailing responses from financial regulators to implement unprecedented regulatory suspensions that affect both the financial sector and the real economy. We argue that regulatory...

Central banks in developed financial jurisdictions such as the United States, European Union (EU) and United Kingdom (UK) have increasingly explored issuing a central bank digital currency (CBDC). The articulated rationale in policy papers revolve around providing choice in payment systems, but...