In the year 2016, the European Patent Organisation (EPOrg) implemented reforms which have brought a number of changes in the organisation and functioning of the (Enlarged) Boards of Appeal at the European Patent Office (EPO). The reforms have attracted significant attention by legal...

Contracts serve an important function: allocation of risks. In achieving this function, contractual parties routinely include a force majeure clause in their contracts to be excused from performance in the face of a supervening event. But what events qualify to excuse performance and how have...

A substantial number of cartels in the European Union are detected and enforced by the national competition authorities (NCAs). The effectiveness of domestic enforcement has been subject to extensive review and debates, which have recently culminated and resulted in the proposal for the ECN+...