incidence violates traditional versions of the economic theory of regulation. Organized subgroups should be able to protect … principal reasons, one requiring a refinement of the theory. The first is that under regulation the incentives of both … creation and wealth transfer through regulation requires both political unity and quot;slackquot;, that is, protection from …

Lobbying can provide policy makers with important sector-specific information and thereby facilitating informed … decisions. If going far beyond this, in particular if successfully influencing policy makers to unnecessarily tighten regulation …

divestiture remedy has been imposed under the provisions of Article 9 of Regulation 1/2003. This divestiture refers to … competition; on the other hand in the Third Energy Package, unbundling constitutes a measure of the sector specific regulation …

general competition and sector specific frameworks and rules regarding the regulation of the Internal Energy Market …-by-case solutions, which lack the breadth of objectives expressed by sector regulation. On the other hand, sector regulation seems to … hierarchical priority over sector-specific rules and its direct application cannot be excluded when sector regulation is …

coordination. This paper examines three persistent sources of flawed coordination: 1) a regulation versus unbundling dilemma, 2 …

of regulation on R&D investment. Nearing competition has a dampening effect on R&D spending, but once the market and … could not find any evidence that (ownership) unbundling and incentive regulation affect R&D expenditures of the utilities. …