In this paper we criticize the so-called 'more economic approach' to European competition law for its disregard of the importance of a functional system of private law. The more economic approach presumes that vertical integration is an economically efficient governance-mechanism. This...

The European Commission appears determined to take action in order to harmonize contract law in the European Union. Most recently, it has issued a Green Paper on 1 July 2010. In order to aid the process of harmonization, a large-scale academic study had been commissioned, the 'Draft Common Frame...

Consumer protection has become a legal phenomenon to reckon with on a global scale, with repercussions for, among others, contracts concluded between consumers and business entities – i.e., B2C contracts. While the path chosen by EU law is one of special legal protection (on the basis of...

Collective redress has been on the EU civil justice agenda for a long time, and has triggered considerable debate as a result of the complexity of the matter and the hugely diverging approaches in the Member States. The 2013 Recommendation on collective redress was the result of compromises, and...

Marketplace lending and investing have been recently attracting increasing regulatory attention. However, regulatory responses to such phenomenon have been extremely varied, even in Europe, characterized by maximum harmonization in the field of financial regulation, continuous efforts in...

The European Commission's Proposal for a Regulation on European Crowdfunding Service Providers (ECSPs) for businesses, since its presentation, has faced difficult trilateral negotiations among the European Commission, the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union. The length of...

The European Commission's Proposal for a Regulation on European Crowdfunding Service Providers (ECSPs) for businesses, since its presentation, has faced difficult trilateral negotiations among the European Commission, the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union. The length of...

The paper introduces the DCFR, which is essentially the draft of a future EU Code of Obligations and works a bit like the UCC in the USA, as a model commercial code. After a brief historic justification of the draft, there is a presentation of what the DCFR can and cannot do at the present time....

Among the many societal effects of the COVID-19 pandemic has been a sharp rise in the activities of multi-level marketing companies (MLMs). MLMs are business enterprises in which participants seek not only to sell products to friends, family, and social media contacts, but also to recruit them...

This paper was presented at the 2019 Oxford Conference: Transplanting the EU Competition Framework – Trends and Challenges: Eastern Europe, https://www.law.ox.ac.uk/events/transplanting-eu-competition-framework-trends-and-challenges-eastern-europeThis paper assesses the procedural rules of...