Crises represent a phase of disorder in the normal development of a political system, but they could also open a window of opportunity to reform institutions and policies. Crises are, thus, normally seen as the appropriate environment for the emergence of charismatic leadership. However,...

Despite different legal and constitutional arrangements, in many states across Europe, public leaders are forging new collaborative relationships with non-state and civic actors to seek innovative ways of providing public services. Leadership varies between situations and contexts, but is still...