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This paper describes in detail the methodology currently used by the European Central Bank (ECB) to determine the nominal and real effective exchange rate indices of the euro. Building on the work of Buldorini et al. (2002), it shows how the ECB's techniques for calculating effective exchange...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10013113993
they can be effectively addressed, the World Bank has launched a series of case studies on PTA implementation in a dozen … selected developing countries from around the world. This paper summarizes the main results of a forthcoming report, which …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10013090634
The nominal effective exchange rate (EER) of a currency is an index of the tradeweighted average of its bilateral exchange rates vis-à-vis the currencies of selected trading partners, while the real EER is derived by adjusting the nominal index for relative prices or costs. The nominal EER...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10014558999
economic globalization. Keywords: Globalization, Employment, Innovation, R & D, Technology Competition Contents: Introduction … Importance of Diffusion.- Globalization, Telecommunications and Diffusion.- Unemploy¤ment and Innovation in Europe: EU Labor …¤rsities.- Perspectives: Globalization and Political Innovation in a Democracy.- Globalization, the Information Society and Economic Catching …
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What is often abbreviated to GFC included three distinct crises: the 2007-8 North Atlantic financial crisis, a 2008-9 global economic crisis and public finance crises which became increasingly focused on the eurozone in 2010-12. The relative weight of emerging market economies in the global...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10013106482