This empirical study evaluates European tourism demand in Spain from 2000 to 2020. To test the hypotheses, we have … modelled tourism demand, which is measured in terms of travellers arriving in Spain. An Error Correction Model adapted to a … positively relate to tourism demand. Still, the stock market indices are not significant in both terms. The price index, trade …

economic growth, trade, energy demand under the framework of Panel Autoregressive Distributed Lag (PARDL) using the top 12 … emissions. Third, energy demand positively and significantly influences economic growth and tourism development in the short and … neutrality and zero pollution through tourism developments and promotion of economic well-being of regions. This study …

for the validity of the monetary exchange rate modelwithin a panel of vector error correction models for three …